Igihe nk’iki mu myaka icumi ishize, u Rwanda rwari rurimbanyije imyiteguro ikomeye yo kwakira Inama ya 27 y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu na za Guverinoma bigize Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, AU.
Yari imwe mu Nama Mpuzamahanga zikomeye u Rwanda rwari rwakiriye, aho abayobozi b’ibihugu bya Afurika babarirwa muri za mirongo bari bategerejwe i Kigali.
Inama yari yatangiye ku wa 10 Nyakanga 2016, ibikorwa by’abakuru b’ibihugu biteganyijwe ku wa 17 no ku wa 18 Nyakanga. Abaperezida bagera kuri 35 bari bamaze kwemeza ko bazayitabira.
Ariko uko iminsi yegerezaga u Rwanda rwiteguye kwakira abashyitsi, ni ko igitutu cyari gikomeje kuba cyinshi, impaka ari nyinshi kuva La Haye mu Buholandi, zigakomereza i Khartoum muri Sudani n’i Kigali.
Izo mpaka zari zishingiye ku kibazo kimwe: Ese u Rwanda ruzata muri yombi Perezida Omar al-Bashir wa Sudani, rumushyikirize Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha, ICC?
Bashir yari yatumiwe mu nama ya AU nk’umukuru w’igihugu kigize uwo muryango. Ku rundi ruhande, yari amaze imyaka irindwi ashakishwa na ICC, aregwa ibyaha by’intambara, ibyibasiye inyokomuntu na Jenoside bivugwa ko byakorewe mu Ntara ya Darfur.
Ku wa 14 Nyakanga 2016, iminsi mike mbere y’uko abakuru b’ibihugu bateranira i Kigali, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yatangaje ko ICC yari yayandikiye iyisaba guta muri yombi Bashir.
Bashir yari yarabaye ikibazo ku bihugu yakandagizagamo ikirenge
Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir wahoze ari umusirikare, yafashe ubutegetsi muri Sudani mu 1989, nyuma yo guhirika Guverinoma ya Minisitiri w’Intebe Sadiq al-Mahdi. Yaje kuba Perezida mu 1993, akomeza kuyobora igihugu kugeza ahiritswe mu 2019.
Izina rye ryatangiye kuvugwa cyane mu butabera mpuzamahanga kubera intambara yatangiye muri Darfur mu 2003.
Ku wa 14 Nyakanga 2008, Ubushinjacyaha bwa ICC bwatangaje ko Bashir yakekwagaho kugira uruhare mu mugambi wo kwibasira amoko ya Fur, Masalit na Zaghawa binyuze mu bwicanyi, gufata abagore ku ngufu no kuvana abaturage mu byabo.
Urukiko rwamushyiriyeho impapuro za mbere zo kumuta muri yombi ku wa 4 Werurwe 2009. Izo mpapuro zari zikubiyemo ibyaha bitanu byibasiye inyokomuntu birimo ubwicanyi, gutsemba, kwimura abaturage ku gahato, iyicarubozo no gufata abagore ku ngufu. Hari kandi ibyaha bibiri by’intambara birimo gusahura no kugaba ibitero ku basivili.
Icyo gihe, abacamanza bavuze ko ibimenyetso byari bihari bitari bihagije kugira ngo Bashir ashinjwe Jenoside.
Ku wa 12 Nyakanga 2010, ICC yashyizeho impapuro za kabiri, noneho zikubiyemo ibyaha bitatu bya Jenoside. Bashir yabaye umukuru w’igihugu wa mbere wari ukiri ku butegetsi ushyiriweho impapuro zo kumuta muri yombi na ICC.
Sudani ntiyari yarasinye ku Masezerano ya Roma yashyizeho ICC kandi ntiyigeze yemera ububasha bw’urwo rukiko. Gusa ikibazo cya Darfur cyari cyarashyikirijwe ICC n’Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe Umutekano.
Kuva icyo gihe, urugendo rwose Bashir yakoreraga hanze ya Sudani rwahindukaga ikibazo.
Afurika y’Epfo yashatse kumufata
Igitutu cyari ku Rwanda cyari gikomeye kurushaho kubera ibyari byarabereye muri Afurika y’Epfo umwaka umwe mbere.
Muri Kamena 2015, Bashir yari yagiye muri Afurika y’Epfo yitabiriye indi nama ya AU. Afurika y’Epfo yasinye ku Masezerano ya Roma, bityo yasabwaga gufata umuntu wese washakishwaga na ICC wari ugeze ku butaka bwayo.
Urukiko rwo muri Afurika y’Epfo rwategetse ko Bashir abuzwa kuva mu gihugu mu gihe rwari rugisuzuma niba agomba gufatwa akoherezwa i La Haye.
Indege ye yaje guhaguruka, asubira i Khartoum. Guverinoma ya Afurika y’Epfo yari yamwemereye kugenda, nubwo urukiko rwari rwategetse ko aguma mu gihugu.
Ibyo byateje impaka zikomeye. ICC n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu byashinje Afurika y’Epfo kutubahiriza inshingano zayo, mu gihe bamwe mu bayobozi ba Afurika bavugaga ko Bashir yari afite ubudahangarwa nk’umukuru w’igihugu witabiriye inama ya AU.
Ni yo mpamvu, ubwo u Rwanda rwatangiraga imyiteguro y’inama yo muri Nyakanga 2016, ikibazo cyahise kiba niba ibyabereye muri Afurika y’Epfo byari kongera kwisubiramo mu Rwanda.
Perezida Kagame yatanze umurongo rugikubita
Mbere y’uko ICC yandikira u Rwanda, Perezida Paul Kagame yari yaragaragaje ko Bashir natumirwa, azakirwa i Kigali nta nkomyi.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru ku wa 13 Gicurasi 2016, Perezida Kagame yagize ati “Abategura inama nibatumira Bashir, kandi ntekereza ko bazabikora kuko Sudani na yo iri mu Muryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe; icya mbere twaba dushingiye kuki, turi bande bavuga ngo ntugomba kuza hano? Ese byabaho kubera ko ICC yabivuze? Icyo ni ikindi kintu.”
Perezida Kagame yavuze ko umuntu wese wari gutumirwa na AU yari kwakirwa n’u Rwanda nk’igihugu cyari cyakiriye inama. Yibukije kandi ko u Rwanda rutari mu bihugu byari byarashyize umukono ku Masezerano ya Roma.
ICC yandikiye u Rwanda ruyima amatwi
Ku wa 14 Nyakanga 2016, Louise Mushikiwabo wari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga yatangaje ko ICC yari imaze iminsi ibiri isabye u Rwanda gufata Bashir.
Mushikiwabo yavuze ko u Rwanda rutari rufite ububasha bwo kumufata kandi ko umuyobozi wese watumiwe na AU yari guhabwa ikaze akanarindirwa umutekano.
Ati “U Rwanda rwakiriye abayobozi ba Afurika batumiwe na AU, kandi umuntu wese watumiwe azaba ari hano i Kigali, ahawe ikaze kandi azarindwa n’iki gihugu. Perezida Bashir ni umuyobozi w’igihugu cya Afurika, yaratumiwe kandi ashobora kuza muri iyi nama. Nk’igihugu cyakiriye, tuzakira uwo ari we wese.”
Yakomeje avuga ko ubusabe bwa ICC butari bushingiye ku nshingano u Rwanda rwari rufite. Ati “U Rwanda ntirwasinye ku Masezerano ya Roma, bityo nta burenganzira rufite bwo kugira ngo rute muri yombi umuntu uwo ari we wese. Ariko ubusabe bwa ICC kuri Guverinoma y’u Rwanda mu minsi ibiri ishize, twabufashe nk’ubushaka kuturangaza.”
Icyo gisubizo cyakuyeho urujijo ku cyemezo cy’u Rwanda, maze Bashir agera i Kigali ku wa Gatandatu tariki 16 Nyakanga 2016, yakirwa na Sheikh Musa Fazil Harerimana wari Minisitiri w’Umutekano.
Mushikiwabo yavuze ko u Rwanda rudashyigkiye ko abanyabyaha badahanwa, ariko ko rwabonaga imikorere ya ICC yarinjiwemo na politiki.
Ati “U Rwanda nk’igihugu kiri muri AU, turubahiriza mu buryo bwose ibyemezo byawo. Wasabye Akanama ka Loni gashinzwe Umutekano ko abakuru b’ibihugu, igihe bari mu kazi bafite ibyaha baregwa, bagomba guhabwa ubudahangarwa kugeza igihe baviriye mu mirimo.”
Yakomeje avuga ko u Rwanda rudaharanira ko abayobozi badahanwa, ariko ko iyo ubucamanza bujemo politiki, “tugomba guhagarara tukabitandukanya.”
Yongeyeho ati“Nta kuntu wasobanura ko imyaka igiye kuba 15, abajyanwe muri ruriya rukiko basabirwa gucibwa imanza ari Abanyafurika.”
Bashir yavuye ku butegetsi ku wa 11 Mata 2019, nyuma y’amezi y’imyigaragambyo yari yaratangiriye mu Ukuboza 2018, abaturage bamagana izamuka ry’ibiciro, ubukene n’ubutegetsi bwe bwari bumaze imyaka 30.
Igisirikare cyaramuhiritse, kiramufata, aza gufungirwa muri Gereza ya Kober i Khartoum.
